| Deploy | Alternative Insulation Materials | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | insulation units of 100 m² and 1 m²·K/W | 1.59 | 1.4×10⁷/yr | 2.9×10⁷ to 7.3×10⁷/yr | 0.05 to 0.12 | -121.00 | CO₂,
 F-gas | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Annual Cropping | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | ha cropland | 1.8/yr | 2.674×10⁸ | 3.317×10⁸ to 7×10⁸ | 0.43 to 1.09 | 47.80 | CO₂, N₂O | 197Delayed |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Cement Production: Clinker substitution | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Mt clinker avoided | 690,000 | 980/yr | 1,000 to 2,000/yr | 0.70 to 1.00 | -30.00 | CO₂
 | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Cement Production: Alternative fuels | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Mt cement produced using alternative fuels | 96,000 | 300/yr | 610 to 2,000/yr | 0.06 to 0.20 | -50.00 | CO₂
 | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Cement Production: Efficiency upgrades | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | GJ thermal energy input reduced from current levels/yr | 0.085 | 0/yr | 8.86×10⁸ to 1.18×10⁹/yr | 0.08 to 0.10 | -60.00 | CO₂
 | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Centralized Composting | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | t organic waste | 3.9 | 7.8×10⁷/yr | 1.56×10⁸ to 2.44×10⁸/yr | 0.60 to 0.95 | 10.00 | CO₂,
 CH₄
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Clean Cooking | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 148
Buildings | Shift Energy Sources | household switching to cleaner cooking | 2.3/yr |  | 4.2×10⁸ to 4.2×10⁸ | 0.98 to 0.98 | 27.00 | CO₂, CH₄,
 BC | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Manage | Coal Mine Methane | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 154
Other Energy | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Mt methane abated | 2.79×10⁷ | 0.59/yr | 2.83 to 4.4/yr | 0.08 to 0.12 | -3.17 | CH₄
, N₂O, BC | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Coastal Wetlands: Mangrove ecosystems | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 7.88/yr | 2.94×10⁶ | 7.85×10⁶ to 1.1×10⁷ | 0.06 to 0.09 | 1.00 | CO₂
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Coastal Wetlands: Salt marsh ecosystems | WorthwhileWorthwhile | Cut Emissions | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 4.78/yr | 1.24×10⁶ | 3.75×10⁶ to 5.25×10⁶ | 0.02 to 0.03 | 2.00 | CO₂
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Coastal Wetlands: Seagrass ecosystems | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 3.56/yr | 3.86×10⁶ | 1.57×10⁷ to 2.2×10⁷ | 0.06 to 0.08 | -6.00 | CO₂
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Diets | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Curb Growing Demands | kg avoided ruminant meat | 0.065 | 0/yr | 2.14×10¹⁰ to 4.29×10¹⁰/yr | 1.40 to 2.80 | -8.54 | CO₂,
 CH₄
, N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Mobilize | Electric Bicycles: Private electric bicycles | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Electrify Vehicles | 1,000 electric bicycles | 110.5/yr | 277,600 | 421,300 to 1.01×10⁶ | 0.05 to 0.11 | -1748.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Mobilize | Electric Bicycles: Shared electric bicycles | WorthwhileWorthwhile | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Electrify Vehicles | 1,000 electric bicycles | 14.44/yr | 2,000 | 22,010 to 69,260 | 0.00 to 0.00 | 22860.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Mobilize | Electric Cars | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Electrify Vehicles | million passenger-kilometers (million pkm) | 48.52 | 818,900/yr | 2.602×10⁷ to 4.731×10⁷/yr | 1.26 to 2.30 | -1019.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Reduce | Food Loss & Waste | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Curb Growing Demands | t reduced FLW | 2.82 |  | 4.375×10⁸ to 8.75×10⁸/yr | 1.23 to 2.47 | -193.99 | CO₂
, CH₄
, N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Forests: Boreal | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 0.299/yr | 4.67×10⁸ | 8.47×10⁸ to 8.61×10⁸ | 0.25 to 0.26 | 2.00 | CO₂ | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Forests: Temperate | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 1.403/yr | 1.59×10⁸ | 2.04×10⁸ to 3.78×10⁸ | 0.29 to 0.53 | 2.00 | CO₂ | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Forests: Subtropical | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 2.204/yr | 1.12×10⁸ | 1.26×10⁸ to 2.19×10⁸ | 0.28 to 0.48 | 2.00 | CO₂ | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Forests: Tropical | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 1.489/yr | 9.36×10⁸ | 1.12×10⁹ to 1.577×10⁹ | 1.67 to 2.35 | 2.00 | CO₂ | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Use | Heat Pumps | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 149
Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency, Shift Energy Sources | heat pump systems | 0.95/yr | 1.3×10⁸ | 6×10⁸ to 9.6×10⁸ | 0.57 to 0.91 | -200.00 | CO₂
, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Mobilize | Hybrid Cars | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | million passenger kilometers (million pkm) | 27.11 | 1.318×10⁶/yr | 1.183×10⁷ to 2.957×10⁷/yr | 0.32 to 0.80 | 264.00 | CO₂
, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Landfill Management: Methane capture | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Mt methane abated | 2.79×10⁷ | 1.59/yr | 4.5 to 34.78/yr | 0.13 to 0.97 | -6.42 | CH₄, N₂O, BC | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Landfill Management: Biocovers | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Mt methane abated | 2.79×10⁷ | 0/yr | 35.13 to 57.04/yr | 0.98 to 1.59 | 0.47 | CH₄, N₂O, BC | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | LED Lighting | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | % lamps LED | 7.09×10⁶/yr | 50.5 | 87 to 92 | 0.62 to 0.65 | -175.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Nonmotorized Transportation | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | million passenger kilometers (million pkm) | 115.6 | 5.556×10⁶/yr | 1.236×10⁷ to 1.634×10⁷/yr | 1.43 to 1.89 | -1771.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Nutrient Management | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | t avoided excess nitrogen application | 6 | 1.045×10⁷/yr | 6.985×10⁷ to 9.106×10⁷/yr | 0.42 to 0.54 | -85.21 | N₂O | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Offshore Wind Turbines | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | MW installed capacity | 1,900/yr | 73,000 | 1×10⁶ to 1.6×10⁶ | 1.90 to 3.04 |  | CO₂
, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Manage | Oil & Gas Methane | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 154
Other Energy | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Mt methane abated | 2.79×10⁷ |  | 3.26 to 8.84/yr | 0.09 to 0.25 | -6.20 | CH₄, N₂O, BC | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Peatlands: Boreal | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 0.92/yr | 5.4×10⁷ | 1.99×10⁸ to 2.55×10⁸ | 0.18 to 0.24 | 0.25 | CO₂
, CH₄, N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Peatlands: Temperate | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 4.42/yr | 1.3×10⁷ | 1.8×10⁷ to 2.4×10⁷ | 0.08 to 0.11 | 0.25 | CO₂
, CH₄, N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Peatlands: Subtropical | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 13.47/yr | 2.63×10⁷ | 9×10⁶ to 1.1×10⁷ | 0.12 to 0.15 | 0.25 | CO₂
, CH₄, N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Peatlands: Tropical | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected | 13.23/yr | 3.5×10⁷ | 7.2×10⁷ to 9.2×10⁷ | 0.95 to 1.22 | 0.25 | CO₂
, CH₄, N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Enhance | Public Transit | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | million passenger kilometers (million pkm) | 58.27 | 6.784×10⁶/yr | 1.203×10⁷ to 1.767×10⁷/yr | 0.70 to 1.03 | -3300.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Rice Production | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | ha rice paddies | 2.03/yr | 4.865×10⁷ | 4.956×10⁷ to 7.753×10⁷ | 0.10 to 0.16 | -175.00 | CH₄
, N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Silvopasture | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | ha converted from grazing land to silvopasture | 9.81/yr | 1.414×10⁸ | 1.47×10⁸ to 2.063×10⁸ | 0.40 to 0.98 | 43.25 | CO₂
 | 197Delayed |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Boost | Appliance & Equipment Efficiency | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 149
Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Aquaculture | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Fishing Vessel Efficiency | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Use | Low-Flow Fixtures | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 149
Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Manure Management | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Reduce | Overfishing | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Advance | Cultivated Meat | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Curb Growing Demands | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | District Cooling | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | District Heating: Industry | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Shift Energy Sources | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Enhanced Rock Weathering | 258Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Use | Feed Additives | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Mobilize | Green Hydrogen for Aviation and Trucking | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Fuel Switching | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Micro Wind Turbines | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Nuclear Fusion | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement | 258Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Plastic Alternatives / Bioplastics | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Ruminant Breeding | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Seafloors | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Small Modular Nuclear Reactors | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Sustainable Aviation Fuel | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Fuel Switching | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Produce | Blue Hydrogen | 259Not Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Processes | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Use | Carbon Capture & Storage on Fossil Fuel Power Plants | 259Not Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Use | Corn Ethanol | 259Not Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Fuel Switching | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Direct Air Capture | 259Not Recommended | Remove Carbon | 158
Industrial Carbon Removal | Carbon Removal & Storage | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Ocean Biomass Sinking | 259Not Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon, Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Ocean Fertilization | 259Not Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Stratospheric Aerosol Injection | 259Not Recommended | Other | 263
Geoengineering | Solar Radiation Management | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Vertical Farms | 259Not Recommended | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Abandoned Farmland | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Use Degraded Land | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Agroforestry: Trees on Cropland | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Agroforestry: Multi-strata | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Alternative Refrigerants | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | kt high-GWP refrigerant phased out | 460,000 | 440 | 5,500 to 5,900 | 2.50 to 2.70 | 50.00 | F-gases | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Aviation Efficiency | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Produce | Biochar | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 158
Industrial Carbon Removal | Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Bioelectricity with Carbon Capture & Storage | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 151
Electricity & Industry | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Biomass Crops on Degraded Land | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Use Degraded Land | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Building Envelopes | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 149
Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Automate | Building Systems | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 149
Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Carpooling | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Concentrated Solar | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Reduce | Crop Residue Burning | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Use | Direct Air Capture Methane | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 158
Industrial Carbon Removal | Carbon Removal & Storage | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Distributed Solar PV | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | District Heating: Buildings | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 148
Buildings | Shift Energy Sources | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Mobilize | Electric Scooters & Motorcycles | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Mobilize | Electric Trains | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Mobilize | Electric Trucks & Buses | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Support | Family Planning & Education | 256Highly Recommended | Society | 159
Health & Education |  | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Forest Management: Sustainable Forest Management | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Forest Management: Integrated Fire Management | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Forests: Boreal | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Forests: Temperate | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Forests: Subtropical | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Forests: Tropical | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Geothermal Power | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Grasslands & Savannas: Boreal | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Grasslands & Savannas: Boreal | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha of grassland or savanna protected | 0.9/yr | 3.386×10⁸ | 3.386×10⁸ to 3.731×10⁸ | 0.31 to 0.34 | -1.58 | CO₂,
 N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Grasslands & Savannas: Temperate | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha of grassland or savanna protected | 0.54/yr | 1.722×10⁸ | 3.617×10⁸ to 5.064×10⁸ | 0.20 to 0.27 | -1.58 | CO₂,
 N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Grasslands & Savannas: Temperate | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Grasslands & Savannas: Subtropical | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha of grassland or savanna protected | 0.13/yr | 2.93×10⁸ | 3.132×10⁸ to 4.385×10⁸ | 0.04 to 0.06 | -1.58 | CO₂,
 N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Grasslands & Savannas: Subtropical | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Grasslands & Savannas: Tropical | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha of grassland or savanna protected | 0.06/yr | 5.826×10⁸ | 5.826×10⁸ to 7.059×10⁸ | 0.03 to 0.04 | -1.58 | CO₂,
 N₂O
 | 195Emergency Brake |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Grasslands & Savannas: Tropical | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Grid Efficiency | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Improve Electrical System | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Enhance | High-Speed Rail | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Boost | Industrial Efficiency | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 151
Electricity & Industry | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Industrial Electrification | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Processes | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Livestock Grazing | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Low-Emission Industrial Feedstocks | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Nuclear Power | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Ocean Shipping Efficiency | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Onshore Wind Turbines | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | MW installed capacity | 1,700/yr | 940,000 | 3.2×10⁶ to 4.4×10⁶ | 5.40 to 7.50 |  | CO₂
, CH₄, N₂O, BC | 196Gradual |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Other Building Materials | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Peatlands: Boreal | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Peatlands: Temperate | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Peatlands: Subtropical | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Peatlands: Tropical | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Perennial Crops | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Recycling: Metals | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Recycling: Paper and Cardboard | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Recycling: Plastics | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Recycling: Glass | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Refrigerant Management | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Seaweed | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Protect | Seaweed | 256Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Small Hydropower | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Solar Hot Water | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 148
Buildings | Shift Energy Sources | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Supply Chain Efficiency | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Truck Efficiency | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Utility-Scale Solar PV | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Hold | Virtual Meetings | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Windows & Glass | 256Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | 149
Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Building Deconstruction & Recycling | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Restore | Coastal Wetlands | 257Worthwhile | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Use | Cool Roofs | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Decentralized Composting | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Irrigation Efficiency | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 155
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Boost | Large Herbivore Restoration | 257Worthwhile | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Ocean Power | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Waste to Energy | 257Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | 151
Electricity & Industry | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Boost | Whale Restoration | 257Worthwhile | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Agrivoltaics | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 150
Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Reduce | Airplane Contrails | 258Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | 153
Transportation | Solar Radiation Management | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Alternative Steel Reducing Agents: Alternative Fuels | 258Keep Watching |  | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Alternative Steel Reducing Agents: Alternative Reducing Agents | Keep WatchingKeep Watching |  | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Produce | Bio Bricks | 258Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | 158
Industrial Carbon Removal | Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Produce | Bio Oils | 258Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | 158
Industrial Carbon Removal | Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Industrial Green Hydrogen | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 152
Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Processes | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Low-Carbon Biofuels | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 153
Transportation | Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Methane Digesters | 258Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | 151
Electricity & Industry | Shift Production | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Use | Nitrous Oxide Removal | 258Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | 158
Industrial Carbon Removal |  | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Explore | Ocean Electrochemistry | 258Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Improve | Routing & Logistics | 258Keep Watching |  | 153
Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Deploy | Seaweed Farming | 258Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | 156
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Curb Growing Demands | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Advance | Artificial Upwelling | 259Not Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
          
                                                                                        | Increase | Livestock Grazing | 259Not Recommended | Remove Carbon | 157
Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |